What Best Characterizes the Protestant Opinion About Religious Art

The Renaissance was a fervent period of European cultural, creative, political and economic "rebirth" following the Centre Ages. Generally described as taking place from the 14th century to the 17th century, the Renaissance promoted the rediscovery of classical philosophy, literature and art. Some of the greatest thinkers, authors, statesmen, scientists and artists in human history thrived during this era, while global exploration opened up new lands and cultures to European commerce. The Renaissance is credited with bridging the gap between the Heart Ages and modern-24-hour interval civilization.

From Darkness to Light: The Renaissance Begins

During the Middle Ages, a period that took place betwixt the fall of ancient Rome in 476 A.D. and the first of the 14th century, Europeans made few advances in science and fine art.

As well known as the "Nighttime Ages," the era is often branded equally a time of war, ignorance, dearth and pandemics such as the Black Death.

Some historians, however, believe that such grim depictions of the Eye Ages were greatly exaggerated, though many agree that there was relatively little regard for ancient Greek and Roman philosophies and learning at the time.

READ More: 6 Reasons the Nighttime Ages Weren't So Nighttime

Humanism

During the 14th century, a cultural motility called humanism began to proceeds momentum in Italia. Amongst its many principles, humanism promoted the thought that homo was the center of his own universe, and people should embrace human achievements in education, classical arts, literature and science.

In 1450, the invention of the Gutenberg printing printing immune for improved communication throughout Europe and for ideas to spread more than quickly.

As a result of this advance in communication, piddling-known texts from early humanist authors such as those by Francesco Petrarch and Giovanni Boccaccio, which promoted the renewal of traditional Greek and Roman civilization and values, were printed and distributed to the masses.

Additionally, many scholars believe advances in international finance and trade impacted culture in Europe and fix the stage for the Renaissance.

Medici Family

The Renaissance started in Florence, Italia, a identify with a rich cultural history where wealthy citizens could afford to support budding artists.

Members of the powerful Medici family unit, which ruled Florence for more threescore years, were famous backers of the movement.

Great Italian writers, artists, politicians and others alleged that they were participating in an intellectual and artistic revolution that would exist much dissimilar from what they experienced during the Dark Ages.

The movement first expanded to other Italian city-states, such as Venice, Milan, Bologna, Ferrara and Rome. Then, during the 15th century, Renaissance ideas spread from Italy to France and and then throughout western and northern Europe.

Although other European countries experienced their Renaissance later than Italy, the impacts were notwithstanding revolutionary.

Renaissance Geniuses

Some of the well-nigh famous and groundbreaking Renaissance intellectuals, artists, scientists and writers include the likes of:

• Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519): Italian painter, builder, inventor and "Renaissance man" responsible for painting "The Mona Lisa" and "The Concluding Supper.

• Desiderius Erasmus (1466–1536): Scholar from Holland who defined the humanist movement in Northern Europe. Translator of the New Testament into Greek.

• Rene Descartes (1596–1650): French philosopher and mathematician regarded as the father of mod philosophy. Famous for stating, "I think; therefore I am."

• Galileo (1564-1642): Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer whose pioneering work with telescopes enabled him to describes the moons of Jupiter and rings of Saturn. Placed nether house arrest for his views of a heliocentric universe.

• Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543): Mathematician and astronomer who made beginning modern scientific argument for the concept of a heliocentric solar organisation.

• Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679): English philosopher and author of "Leviathan."

• Geoffrey Chaucer (1343–1400): English poet and writer of "The Canterbury Tales."

• Giotto (1266-1337): Italian painter and architect whose more realistic depictions of human being emotions influenced generations of artists. Best known for his frescoes in the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua.

• Dante (1265–1321): Italian philosopher, poet, author and political thinker who authored "The Divine One-act."

• Niccolo Machiavelli (1469–1527): Italian diplomat and philosopher famous for writing "The Prince" and "The Discourses on Livy."

• Titian (1488–1576): Italian painter historic for his portraits of Pope Paul III and Charles I and his afterward religious and mythical paintings like "Venus and Adonis" and "Metamorphoses."

• William Tyndale (1494–1536): English language biblical translator, humanist and scholar burned at the stake for translating the Bible into English.

• William Byrd (1539/40–1623): English composer known for his development of the English madrigal and his religious organ music.

• John Milton (1608–1674): English poet and historian who wrote the epic poem "Paradise Lost."

• William Shakespeare (1564–1616): England'southward "national poet" and the nigh famous playwright of all time, historic for his sonnets and plays similar "Romeo and Juliet."

• Donatello (1386–1466): Italian sculptor celebrated for lifelike sculptures like "David," deputed by the Medici family.

• Sandro Botticelli (1445–1510): Italian painter of "Birth of Venus."

• Raphael (1483–1520): Italian painter who learned from da Vinci and Michelangelo. All-time known for his paintings of the Madonna and "The School of Athens."

• Michelangelo (1475–1564): Italian sculptor, painter and builder who carved "David" and painted The Sistine Chapel in Rome.

Renaissance Art, Architecture and Scientific discipline

Art, compages and scientific discipline were closely linked during the Renaissance. In fact, information technology was a unique time when these fields of study fused together seamlessly.

For instance, artists like da Vinci incorporated scientific principles, such as beefcake into their work, so they could recreate the human being torso with extraordinary precision.

Architects such as Filippo Brunelleschi studied mathematics to accurately engineer and design immense buildings with expansive domes.

Scientific discoveries led to major shifts in thinking: Galileo and Descartes presented a new view of astronomy and mathematics, while Copernicus proposed that the Sun, not the Earth, was the center of the solar system.

Renaissance art was characterized by realism and naturalism. Artists strived to depict people and objects in a truthful-to-life style.

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They used techniques, such as perspective, shadows and light to add together depth to their piece of work. Emotion was another quality that artists tried to infuse into their pieces.

Some of the about famous artistic works that were produced during the Renaissance include:

• The Mona Lisa (Da Vinci)
• The Final Supper (Da Vinci)
• Statue of David (Michelangelo)
• The Birth of Venus (Botticelli)
• The Creation of Adam (Michelangelo)

Renaissance Exploration

While many artists and thinkers used their talents to express new ideas, some Europeans took to the seas to larn more than near the world around them. In a flow known as the Age of Discovery, several important explorations were fabricated.

Voyagers launched expeditions to travel the unabridged globe. They discovered new shipping routes to the Americas, India and the Far East and explorers trekked across areas that weren't fully mapped.

Famous journeys were taken by Ferdinand Magellan, Christopher Columbus, Amerigo Vespucci (later whom America is named), Marco Polo, Ponce de Leon, Vasco Núñez de Balboa, Hernando De Soto and other explorers.

READ More than: The Historic period of Exploration

Renaissance Religion

Humanism encouraged Europeans to question the role of the Roman Cosmic church during the Renaissance.

Every bit more people learned how to read, write and translate ideas, they began to closely examine and critique religion as they knew information technology. Also, the printing press immune for texts, including the Bible, to be easily reproduced and widely read past the people, themselves, for the first time.

In the 16th century, Martin Luther, a German monk, led the Protestant Reformation – a revolutionary movement that acquired a split in the Cosmic church. Luther questioned many of the practices of the church building and whether they aligned with the teachings of the Bible.

As a result, a new class of Christianity, known as Protestantism, was created.

End of the Renaissance

Scholars believe the demise of the Renaissance was the result of several compounding factors.

By the stop of the 15th century, numerous wars had plagued the Italian peninsula. Spanish, French and German language invaders battling for Italian territories caused disruption and instability in the region.

Also, changing trade routes led to a menstruation of economic reject and limited the amount of coin that wealthy contributors could spend on the arts.

After, in a motility known every bit the Counter-Reformation, the Catholic church censored artists and writers in response to the Protestant Reformation. Many Renaissance thinkers feared being as well assuming, which stifled creativity.

Furthermore, in 1545, the Council of Trent established the Roman Inquisition, which made humanism and any views that challenged the Cosmic church an deed of heresy punishable by death.

By the early 17th century, the Renaissance motion had died out, giving manner to the Age of Enlightenment.

Contend Over the Renaissance

While many scholars view the Renaissance as a unique and exciting fourth dimension in European history, others argue that the period wasn't much unlike from the Middle Ages and that both eras overlapped more traditional accounts suggest.

Too, some modern historians believe that the Eye Ages had a cultural identity that'due south been downplayed throughout history and overshadowed past the Renaissance era.

While the exact timing and overall bear upon of the Renaissance is sometimes debated, in that location'south little dispute that the events of the period ultimately led to advances that inverse the mode people understood and interpreted the world around them.

Sources

The Renaissance, History World International.
The Renaissance – Why information technology Changed the World, The Telegraph.
Facts About the Renaissance, Biography Online.
Facts About the Renaissance Period, Interestingfacts.org.
What is Humanism? International Humanist and Ethical Union.
Why Did the Italian Renaissance End? Dailyhistory.org.
The Myth of the Renaissance in Europe, BBC.

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Source: https://www.history.com/topics/renaissance/renaissance

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